PACE WORK FORM 7D 09/04/20

Тема: Основні поняття про астрономію.

In order to learn new items we start to work with lexical cards. (cards #1) Here you can see some new words:

- nebulae – a diffuse cloud of particles and gases that is visible either as a hazy patch of light or an irregular dark region against a brighter background

- celestial – heavenly; divine; spiritual

- supernovae – a star that explodes catastrophically owing to either instabilities following the exhaustion of its nuclear fuel or gravitational collapse following the accretion of matter from an orbiting companion star, becoming for a few days up to one hundred million times brighter than the sun.

- an explosion – the act or an instance of exploding

- cosmology – the philosophical study of the origin and nature of the universe

- amateur – a person who engages in an activity, esp a sport, as a pastime rather than professionally or for gain

- recorded - an account in permanent form, esp in writing, preserving knowledge or information about facts or events

Now we are going to read the text.

We Learn More About Astronomy

       We also talked about our solar system and learned the names of the inner planets — Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. These are called the inner planets because they are nearest the sun. These planets are also neighbors, although they are still quite far away from one another. Earth is not too close to the sun or too far away for life to exist. The temperatures on Mercury and Venus are too hot for life to exist, and the temperature on Mars is too cold for life. The atmospheres around Venus and Mars are composed mostly of carbon dioxide, whereas there is very little atmosphere around the planet Mercury.

Astronomy is the oldest science of all. For thousands of years, astronomy was the only science, and some today still consider astronomy the king of all the sciences. Astronomy is a natural science which is the study of celestial objects (such as stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and nebulae), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. A related but distinct subject, cosmology, is concerned with studying the universe as a whole.

Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences. The early civilizations in recorded history, such as the Babylonians, Greeks, Indians, Egyptians, Nubians, Iranians, Chinese, and Maya performed methodical observations of the night sky. However, the invention of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science. Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy and the making of calendars, but professional astronomy is nowadays often considered to be synonymous with astrophysics.

During the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy split into observational and theoretical branches. Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring data from observations of astronomical objects, which is then analyzed using basic principles of physics. Theoretical astronomy is oriented toward the development of computer or analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena. The two fields complement each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results and observations being used to confirm theoretical results.

Astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs can still play an active role, especially in the discovery and observation of transient phenomena and Amateur astronomers have made and contributed to many important astronomical discoveries.

      If a person sees a rock, he wants to know what minerals are in it or what is under it. This desire is sometimes called curiosity. People have always had a curiosity about what is over the next hill or across the ocean. Curiosity has allowed people to discover and learn many things about the world and the things around them. However, when someone has curiosity about something, it should be for the right reason. Because astronauts have had a desire to go to the moon and scientists have sent spacecraft into space, mankind has learned more about universe.

You have got the cards with the task. We have just read the text and now let’s complete the sentences. (card #2)

 Card #2.

Task: Fill in the blanks with the right answers.

1.      The inner planets of our solar system are …………, ………….., ………………….. and ……………. .

2.      The temperatures on ………………is too cold for life to exist.

3.      The atmospheres of ……………. and ……………… are composed mostly of carbon dioxide.

4.      There is very little atmosphere around ……………

5.       ……………. Is the oldest science of all.