PACE WORK FORM 7 21/05/20

Тема: Два важливих Акти Конгресу

T.: Now, let's learn some new items on the topic.

I'll give you the cards (card#1) with new words. You have to read and translate them:

·         allotment - the act of distributing by allotting or apportioning; distribution according to a plan

·         reservation - a district that is reserved for particular purpose

·         hereafter - following this in time or order or place; after this

·         executive - someone who manages a government agency or department

·         survey - plot a map of (land)

·         allot - give out

·         embracen - include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

·         pro rata - in proportion

·         accordance - concurrence of opinion

·         provision - a stipulated condition

·         excess - more than is needed, desired, or required

·         minor - not of legal age

Congress’s inability to raise revenue would bedevil it for its entire existence, even after it created a constitution–the Articles of Confederation–to define its powers. Drafted and adopted by the Congress in 1777 but not ratified until 1781, it effectively established the U.S. as a collection of 13 sovereign states, each of which had an equal voice in Congress (which became officially known as the Congress of the Confederation) regardless of population. Under the Articles, congressional decisions were made based on a state-by-state vote, and the Congress had little ability to enforce its decisions. The Articles of Confederation would prove incapable of governing the new nation in a time of peace, but they did not seriously undermine the war effort, both because the war was effectively winding down before the Articles took effect, and because Congress ceded many executive war powers to General Washington.

Congress’s final triumph came in 1783 when it negotiated the Treaty of Paris, officially ending the Revolutionary War. The Congressional delegates Franklin, Jay and Adams secured a favorable peace for the U.S. that included not only the recognition of independence but also claim to almost all of the territory south of Canada and east of the Mississippi River. On November 25, 1783, the last British troops evacuated New York City. The Revolutionary War was over and Congress had helped to see the country through.

However, the Articles of Confederation proved an imperfect instrument for a nation at peace with the world. The years immediately following the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783 presented the young American nation with a series of difficulties that Congress could not adequately remedy: dire financial straits, interstate rivalries and domestic insurrection. A movement developed for constitutional reform, culminating in the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. The delegates at the convention decided to scrap the Articles of Confederation completely and create a new system of government. In 1789, the new U.S. Constitution went into effect and the Continental Congress adjourned forever and was replaced by the U.S. Congress. Although the Continental Congress did not function well in a time of peace, it had helped steer the nation through one of its worst crises, declared its independence and helped to win a war to secure that independence.

2.Writing

T.: Now, let's do some writing tasks.

1) Choose a correct answer (card#2)

1. What is a good way to describe the colonies after the French-Indian War?

A Grateful for English protection, tractable, looking for guidance

B Rebellious, distrusting of Europe, looking to fight more

C Independent, self-reliant, and yearning for more freedom

D Eager to please Europe, fearful of fighting

E Yearning for French or English protection, fearful of Indians

F Uncertain, eager for guidance, ill-planned

2. Who wanted the colonies to begin expanding westward?

A The British

B The Colonies

C The French

D The Native Americans

E The Canadians

F The Adeni

3. Where was the phrase "taxation without representation" first hinted at?

A In discussions caused by the Molasses Act

B In British "writs of assistance"

C In British Parliament

D In the talks by the King of England

E In discussions caused by the preamble of the Sugar Act

F In the earliest forms of the Declaration of Independence

4. What did the Quartering Act do?

A Required colonists to hold one quarter of their produce to pay taxes.

B Required colonies to send one quarter of their troops for England's defense.

C Forced colonists to send one quarter of their income to the King.

D Forced colonies to provide food and housing for British troops.

E Forced colonists to leave one quarter of their living quarters for British diplomats.

F Required that British troops be given the best quarter of any profit making venture.

5. When the the Virginia House of Burgesses declared that Virginians had the rights of Englishmen, what right was of particular importance?

A That they could only be taxed by their own representatives.

B That they could object to laws made by the crown.

C That they had the right to bear arms against a corrupt government.

D That the had the right to the pursuit of happiness.

E That they could not be made slaves.

F That they were free to trade without paying duty fees.

6. Did the colonies initially claim that the King had no right to control the colonies?

A Yes, they rejected the control of the King.

B No, they recognized that the King and Parliament were for all British Territories.

C Yes, they felt that the King did not have their best interests at heart.

D Yes, because the King and the Parliament are one.

E No, because they did not object to any British control.

F No, but they contended that the English Parliament had no right to control the colonies.

7. What happened at the "Boston Massacre?"

A An anti-soldier demonstration ended with dozens of dead civilians.

B A snowball fight escalated into an altercation where three Bostonians were killed.

C A large amount of tea was thrown into Boston Harbor in protest of high taxes.

D A rock fight ended with two dead British soldiers.

E A small gang-war resulted in the death of several dozen civilians.

F Angry soldiers overreacted to hecklers and killed a half-dozen civilians.

8. During the Boston "Tea Party", how were the men disguised?

A As Mohawk Indians

B As British inspectors

C As duty clerks

D As East India traders

E As dockhands

F As Frenchmen

9. What was the first thing Parliament ordered as a result of the Boston "Tea Party?"

A It ordered the port of Boston be closed until the tea was paid for.

B It sent troops to deal with the troublemakers.

C It ordered Boston families to quarter troops to dispurse the insurgents.

D It renewed all of the old Acts against the colonies.

E It revoked the right of the colonies to trade anywhere.

F It ordered that no tea be sent to the colonies at all.

10. Why were Minutemen called "Minutemen?"

A Becuase all their gear was collected last-minute.

B Because they were all Boston could collect in a minute.

C Because they were all very small men.

D Because they were ready to fight in a minute.

E Because they had only a minute amount of munitions.

F Because the British found the term amusing.

2)  Write a short summery of the text.

3. Speaking

T.: Now, let's discuss some questions.

1. In what document, adopted in 1791, can you find ten amendments to the Constitution?

2. Explain the term, "New Federalism"

3. What branches of the US government enforces laws?

4. What does the term "filibuster" mean?

5. How many members are there in the House of Representatives? In the Senate? How many from each state?

6. Explain, "pocket veto"