Тема: Синтаксична
роль прислівників та прикметників в реченні.
1.
Presentation of new material
T.: Now, let's
learn some new concepts on the topic.
I'll give you the
cards (card#1) . You have to read and study the rules.
The position
of adverbs in sentences
·
We
can put adverbs in different positions in sentences. There are three main
positions but also a lot of exceptions.
·
In
English we never put an adverb between the verb and the object.
We often play
handball. - CORRECT WRONG: We
play often handball.
The three
main positions of adverbs in English sentences
1) Adverb at the
beginning of a sentence
Unfortunately, we
could not see Mount Snowdon.
2) Adverb in the
middle of a sentence
The children often
ride their bikes.
3) Adverb at the
end of a sentence
Andy reads a comic
every afternoon.
·
More
than one adverb at the end of a sentence
·
If
there are more adverbs at the end of a sentence, the word order is normally:
Manner -
Place - Time
Peter sang the
song happily in the bathroom yesterday evening.
Grammatical
Functions of English Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
Adjective phrases
including adjectives perform five main grammatical functions within sentences
in the English language. The five functions of adjectives and adjective phrases
are:
I.
Adjective
phrase head
II.
Noun
phrase modifier
III. Subject complement
IV. Object complement
Appositive
Adjectives are
traditionally defined as “words that describe nouns.” Adjective phrases are
defined as phrases that consist of an adjective plus any modifiers or
complements such as adverbs, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, and noun
clauses.
Adjectives as
Adjective Phrase Heads
The first
grammatical function that adjectives perform is the adjective phrase head. An
adjective phrase consists of an adjective plus any modifiers or complements.
For example, the following italicized adjectives function as adjective phrase
heads:
purple
extremely large
fond of ice cream
afraid to try new
foods
hopeful that the
rain would stop
Adjectives as
Noun Phrase Modifiers
The second
grammatical function that adjectives and adjective phrases perform is the noun
phrase modifier. A noun phrase modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that
modifies or describes a noun including a pronoun or a noun phrase. For example,
the following italicized adjectives and adjective phrases function as noun
phrase modifiers:
My mother planted
purple flowers in her garden.
The very tiny
puppy barked at the cat.
The restaurant
served plain, tasteless soup.
The committee
picked somebody stupid for our new leader.
Barack Obama was
the president elect.
Adjectives as
Subject Complements
The third
grammatical function that adjectives and adjective phrases perform is the
subject complement. A subject complement is a word, phrase, or clause that
follows a copular, or linking, verb and describes the subject of a clause. The
term predicate adjective is also used for adjective phrases that function as
subject complements. For example, the following italicized adjectives and
adjective phrases function as subject complements:
Under the bed is
filthy.
The cake tastes
sickenly sweet.
My cat is black
and brown.
Your perfume
smells especially musky but very nice.
I am fond of
English grammar.
Adjectives as
Object Complements
The fourth
grammatical function that adjectives and adjective phrases perform is the
object complement. An object complement is a word, phrase, or clause that
directly follows and modifies the direct object. For example, the following
italicized adjectives and adjective phrases function as object complements:
The farmer painted
the barn red.
The little girl
wanted her room bright pink.
Catholics consider
saints holy.
The jury judged
the defendant guilty.
My puppy makes me
happy.
Adjectives as
Appositives
The fifth
grammatical function that adjectives and adjective phrases perform is the
appositive. An appositive is a word, phrase, or clause that supports another
word, phrase, or clause by describing or modifying the other word, phrase, or
clause. For example, the following italicized adjectives and adjective phrases
function as appositives:
The man, hungry
and exhausted, fainted.
Aware of the
situation, the man called for emergency services.
The fire, warm and
inviting, burned brightly in the dark night.
A stranger, rich
and kind, paid for my dinner.
Scared but alive,
the toddler was found wandering alone in the woods.
2.
Writing
T.:
Now, let's do some exercises in writing
1. Rewrite the
complete sentence using the adverb in brackets in its usual position (card#2)
1) Our friends
must write a test. (also)
2) I was joking.
(only)
3) Did you enjoy the flight? (both)
4) Mary watches TV. (hardly) (ever)
5) He drives his car. (carefully)
6) The children play football. (in the garden)
7) We went to the cinema. (yesterday)
8) John fell off the bike. (almost)
9) Her boyfriend will buy her some flowers.
(probably)
10) My uncle is moving to Stockholm soon.
(definitely)
2.Rewrite each
sentence with the adverb of frequency (in brackets) in its usual position
(card#3).
1) Have you been
to London? (ever)
2) Peter doesn't
get up before seven. (usually)
3) Our friends
must write tests. (often)
4) They go
swimming in the lake. (sometimes)
5) The weather is
bad in November. (always)
6) Peggy and Frank
are late. (usually)
7) I have met him
before. (never)
8) John watches
TV. (seldom)
9) I was in
contact with my sister. (often)
10) She will love
him. (always)
3. Rewrite the
sentences and put the adverbs in correctly (card#3)
We were in London.
(last week) →
He walks his dog.
(rarely) →
She waited.
(patiently) →
My father goes
fishing. (always) →
Your bedroom is.
(upstairs) →
We don't go
skiing. (in summer) →
Cats can hear.
(well) →
I saw him. (there)
→
The girl speaks
English. (fluently) →
I have seen that
film. (never) / (before) →
4. Make up your
sentences with adverbs (card#4)
5. Make up your
sentences, using the tables.
Card#1
Read and study the
table:
Card#2
Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb
in brackets in its usual position (card#2)
1) Our friends
must write a test. (also)
2) I was joking.
(only)
3) Did you enjoy the flight? (both)
4) Mary watches TV. (hardly) (ever)
5) He drives his car. (carefully)
6) The children play football. (in the garden)
7) We went to the cinema. (yesterday)
8) John fell off the bike. (almost)
9) Her boyfriend will buy her some flowers.
(probably)
10) My uncle is moving to Stockholm soon.
(definitely)
Card#3
Rewrite each
sentence with the adverb of frequency (in brackets) in its usual position
(card#3).
1) Have you been
to London? (ever)
2) Peter doesn't
get up before seven. (usually)
3) Our friends
must write tests. (often)
4) They go
swimming in the lake. (sometimes)
5) The weather is
bad in November. (always)
6) Peggy and Frank
are late. (usually)
7) I have met him
before. (never)
8) John watches
TV. (seldom)
9) I was in
contact with my sister. (often)
10) She will love him.
(always).
Card#4
Card#5
Make up your
sentences, using the tables.
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